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Please read our Plumbing page for more information.

You will have both a gray water tank (shower and sink) and a black water tank (from toilet). You'll need much more capacity for your gray water tank than black water tank. At a campground you can leave the gray water valve open once you're hooked up to the campground's sewer system. When you shower, it goes right through your system, through your hose, and into their sewer system. But do NOT every leave the black water tank "open". It needs to be filled up at least 1/2 to 2/3 to create enough water pressure to flush out completely. 

A good tip: keep your gray water tank closed for a day or more before flushing the black tank. Then after dumping the black tank, drain the gray tank to flush out the hose. Also, after dumping the black tank for the last time before storage, fill it at least half full of water, add dishwasher soap, drive down the road to shake it all up. Then stop at the last dump station before getting home and empty the black tank again. These systems are really not all that complicated; and they're quite easy to use.

All of the tanks have vents. Be careful that the pipes remain clear of debris, birds, etc. Usual symptom of blockage is odor in the rig. When this occurs, check the vents.

Fresh water tank sits above the flooring, while waste tanks hang below, are more exposed, and can develop leaks -- particularly if you're traveling with full tanks. Better to empty tanks before traveling. There are kits which can be used to patch a tank which has developed a leak, providing it is not so large as to be unrepairable.

Also, don't trust the gauges that pretend to tell you how full the gray and black water tanks are. They typically don't work accurately. You'll get false readings. Pretty soon you'll get a "feel" for how often you'll need to dump the tanks. Pretty soon all this gets to be easy too!

Chemicals must be added to the toilet tanks for neutralization. Always very thin or a special motorhome toilet paper should be used. Sewage tanks must be emptied daily in dump stations. If there is a cassette toilet or a portapotti (portable toilet) it can be emptied into each normal toilet, which are found on campgrounds, gas stations etc. If there is a gray water and a separate toilet sewage tank, the water hose should first be used to empty the toilet tank and than for the gray water tank. Also the water in the fresh water tank should be replaced more often. This is highly recommended when traveling in hot countries. We do not recommend to drink water from the fresh water tank!

Accessories

Sewer hoses come in three weights, light, medium and heavy duty. These might be classified as: tear easily, tear harder, and tear eventually. The heaviest duty hoses do not compress well, and will require a larger storage compartment.

Couplings and connectors: Their recommendation from the various brands and styles is the blue Presto-Fit kits.

Hose carriers: Many are carried in bumper, which tends to rust and scrape the hose when storing and removing it.. PVC carriers which are vented can tend to minimize this problem, and can offer more space for extra lengths of hose when a longer hose length is required..

Tote tanks ("blue tank") are used to fully or partially drain your gray or black water, and drive the waste water to the dump station in another vehicle. This lets you leave your RV parked when boondocking.

"A Sewer Solution" -- like mascerator pump lets you pump uphill. However, it does require the use of water. Mascerators requires no water, but do require electicity.

Rest area dump stations, and the ettiquette thereof: Most RVers will find rest areas convenient places to dump. The "Rest Area Guide" provides a resource for locating a dump stations. Many states are closing the dump stations due to vandalism and poor manners by RVers. One of the key problems: Always use a hose. This seems overly simple, but unfortunately too many RVers violate this rule. And of course clean up after you're done so the next RVer starts with a clean area. 

Chemicals: Very few RV chemicals still contain formaldahyde. But some parks still require emptying holding tanks before entering the park. Newer products are enzyme type -- tablets, liquid, powder, etc. Hot weather will require a bit more chemical to work effectively. A teaspoon full of baking soda every couple of months can help fight odor in black water tanks.

Myths

1. "Home brew" remedies are used by some in lieu of purchased chemicals. Lysol, PineSol, baking soda and even "a few aspirins" are advocated by some RVers. But some of these can damage toilet seals and valves. A safer solution are chemicals that are specifically designed for use in RVs.
2. You must use specialized toilet tissues. Maybe in old recirculating toilets. But now just buy the cheapest brand of regular tissue, and it will work as well.
3. Black waters smells worse than gray water. Not necessarily, because we seldom put chemicals in gray water. The soaps and detergents tend to kill off bacteria in the gray water tanks.
4. Coyote dumping is okay (down a rabbit hole, etc). No, that's not okay, and it's illegal. The effluents and chemicals will permeate the ground and invade water supply resources.

Sewer Hose

You need a sewer hose to connect the RV drain valve to the parks sewer line or dump station. Unless you use your RV only a few days a year we recommend you get a heavy duty hose. They cost a little more but they're worth it. I've seen fellow RVers out wrapping duct tape around a leaky drain hose... always at the worst possible time if you know what I mean.

Most of the time you will need 10 feet of hose or less but if you travel enough you will find a time when you'll need more.

The Sewer Master hose looks like any other sewer hose but it has the ability to be whatever length you need between its compressed length of 4 feet and its maximum length of 12 feet.

You know when you first buy a new sewer hose how nice and compressed it is? But then, after it's been stretched out for a while, you can almost never get it compressed again? And even if you do it want's to spring back out again. Well, the Sewer Master will easily compress back to it's 4' storage length and stay there! Only six feet to reach the drain? Just stretch out enough Sewer Master to reach and the rest stays compressed. The Sewer Master has a valve/hose adaptor and the universal sewer adapter.

If you need two hoses the regular hose attaches to the sewer valve on the trailer and the Sewer Master connects to the bayonet fitting. 

Whenever the sewer pipe has a threaded end people like to use the sewer thread attachment in addition to the universal sewer connector. This assures a good leak proof connection. Some parks require their use.

Some people also have a heavy duty hose about 4' long with a valve/hose adaptor on one end and the male bayonet fitting on the other. This is the dump station hose. The coupler fits down the sewer pipe and help prevent the hose from pulling out while dumping.

Tips

1. Keep your black water valves closed when you're parked. And leave it until at least 3/4 full. If you need to dump before it's full, full it w/a hose to 3/4 full before dumping. Only by having a substantially full tank can you ensure that it will properly empty all solid wastes.
2. Never drag a sewer hose across dirt or concrete when setting up or preparing to leave -- it will quickly result tearing. And be vary wary of weed whackers used by RV park maintenance personnel..
3. Be aware of local state laws. A doughnut, for example, will be required in some jurisdictions -- so be equipped with fittings which will keep you legal in all states. Oregon is just one example of a state which has special requirements.
4. Always dump gray water after you've dumped the black water, as it will tend to clean out the sewer hose.
5. Use drinking water safe hoses only for fresh water. Otherwise you'll get a plastic or rubber taste.
6. Periodically (every few months) clean fresh water lines, tank, and hot water tank by flushing and then following w/weak bleach solution. Also flush weak bleach solution through your fresh water hose. More specifically: Disonnect from city water, and then drain the fresh water tank. Next add back about 15 gallons of weak bleach solution. Turn on each cold water line until bleach smell appears. Wait 4 hours. Then empty the hot water tank. With city water still disconnected, turn on the hot water, which will fill the hot water tank w/weak bleach solution. Run solution to each hot water faucet in the rig until bleach smell appears. Wait four hours. Next empty fresh water and hot water tanks, refill with fresh water, and run fresh water through all hot and cold water lines. Empty fresh water tank once more, and refull with fresh water.

Sewage: Never dump on the ground anywhere. It's illegal in almost every state. And it's certainly terrible manners as well. Many service stations out West have a disposal station for a fee. Flying J is particularly RV friendly. They'll have dump station and propane. Newer flying J's have fuel plazas just for RVs -- but regrettably they're poorly designed and often too tight for big rigs -- so bigger rigs will want to fuel up with the trucks. Some chains are not RV friendly. Petro is one. Unfortunately some states are closing their dump stations. It's because RVers use bad manners. Always use a hose; and always hook up the hose to the dump station first, and then to your RV. 

NOTE: This online manual  is a work in progress and is subject to change at any given time. It is also a generic peace of work and is meant only as a general guide. Each Caravan/RV is distinct and individual in it's own right, do not take anything written here literally as it may or may not apply to the exact Caravan/RV you will be using.

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